Significant residual stresses can develop in a metal during welding. The figure below shows the longitudinal stresses resulting from a single-pass groove weld.
ASM Handbook, Vol. 6: Welding, Brazing, and Soldering, (1993), ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002, Fig. 3A Fig 3B, P. 1096
The distribution of this stress can be very closely approximated by
where sm
is the maximum tensile stress at the weld centerline, b is the half-width
of the tension zone of residual stress, and y is the perpendicular distance
from the weld centerline.
Two long, hot-rolled AISI 1040 steel plates were joined along their length by
a single pass groove weld. X-ray diffraction was used to determine that the
maximum tensile stress at the welds center line was 54 ksi. The stress was seen
to fall to zero at a distance of 0.70 inches on either side of the centerline.
The residual stress at a distance of 1.00 inch from the centerline is nearest:
|
(A)
|
-10 ksi.
|
|
(B)
|
-20 ksi.
|
|
(C)
|
+10 ksi.
|
|
(D)
|
+20 ksi.
|
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