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JOM FEBRUARY 2008
VOLUME 60, NO.02
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![February 2008 Cover: As global warming becomes an ever greater societal concern, this issue of JOM provides some solutions from a materials science perspective. This month we offer several articles on reducing carbon dioxide emissions during metal processing. A historic look at solar pyrometallurgy considers research dating back to the 1800s, and in a more forward-looking approach, two articles consider how engineers will help society resolve 21st-century problems. [Click to enlarge]](http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/jom/0802/cover-0802.gif)
Published monthly by The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society for its members, JOM is a technical journal devoted to exploring the many aspects of materials science and engineering.
The Journal Talks with 2007 TMS President Robert D. Shull
[p. 22
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Author(s):
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The outgoing president talks frankly about issues that have shaped TMS during his presidency.
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Materials and Society—Challenges and the TMS Response
[p. 26
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Author(s): Diran Apelian and Warren Hunt
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It is crucial for us as a professional society to address how materials technology can effectively and proactively address the complex technological, professional, educational, societal, environmental, infrastructural, and economical issues that challenge the sustainability of the world today and in the future. This article will summarize some key initiatives that will be realized at the TMS 2008 as well as on an ongoing basis.
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The Role of Engineers in Meeting 21st Century Societal Challenges—Part I
[p. 28
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Author(s):
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At the TMS 2008 Annual Meeting in March, a panel of invited speakers will discuss the role of engineers in the 21st century. In advance of the meeting, the participants agreed to share with JOM their ideas on some themes to be addressed during the session. This month's issue focuses on the broader role of engineers in solving 21st century problems.
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The Thermodynamic Properties of Slags
[p. 62
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Author(s): J.W. Matousek
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Empirical modeling of the thermodynamic properties of slags provides a practical bridge between directly measured quantities and computer-based data collections. This paper reviews examples as applied to four metallurgical systems.
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Reducing CO2 Using Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids
[p. 33
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Author(s): Ramana G. Reddy
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Ionic liquids—imidazolnium salts which are molten near room temperature—have been used for low-temperature synthesis of metals and alloys such as aluminum, titanium-aluminum alloys, and also for the recycling of aluminum composites and scrap. These processes help reduce CO2 emissions from metallurgical reductions, and similar approaches are being followed worldwide. This paper reviews the use of ionic liquids in the electrodeposition of metals and semi-conductors.
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Carbon Dioxide Reduction Technologies: A Synopsis of the Symposium at TMS 2008
[p. 36
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Author(s): Neale R. Neelameggham
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Common fuels—whether they are simple hydrocarbons or oxygenated hydrocarbons or carbohydrates—can be economically produced from the respective oxides of carbon and hydrogen by simple chemical reductions. These reactions are efficiently carried out by applying fundamentals of the reduction process.
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A Lower Carbon Footprint Process for Production of Metals from Their Oxide Sources
[p. 43
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Author(s): Uday B. Pal
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This paper will describe the solid oxide membrane (SOM) process as it applies to the energy-efficient and environmentally sound production of magnesium from magnesium oxide. Also, it will describe the challenges encountered while using this process for the production of transition metals like titanium from its higher oxides. Finally, a novel magnesiothermic SOM process will be proposed that can enable production of transition metals from its higher oxides.
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Solar Pyrometallurgy—An Historic Review
[p. 48
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Author(s): Neale R. Neelameggham
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As an alternative to fossil fuels, solar energy can help minimize global warming triatomic gas emissions (CO2 and H2O) when used in metallurgical processes. This paper reviews the technical development in this field from the first patents filed in the late 1800s to present-day pilot work of solar zinc production.
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Resistance Due to Gas Bubbles in Aluminum Reduction Cells
[p. 51
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Author(s): Mark A. Cooksey, Mark P. Taylor, and John J.J. Chen
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The contribution of gas bubbles to electrical resistance in aluminum reduction cells is becoming increasingly important as smelters attempt to reduce energy consumption. A prime example is the widespread introduction of slotted anodes to encourage faster gas bubble release from under the anodes. However, quantification of the bubble resistance is difficult, which makes evaluation of process changes problematic. Studies of the effect of bubbles on electrical resistance in industrial cells, laboratory-scale electrolysis experiments, and physical models are reviewed in this paper.
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An Improved Finite-Element Model for Electromagnetic Analysis in Aluminum Cells
[p. 58
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Author(s): Jie Li, Wei Liu, Yanqing Lai, and Yexian Liu
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This article presents the use of an improved finite-element model to calculate the static electromagnetic field for an aluminum reduction cell. Consisting of three solid cells and their surrounding bus bars, the model can evaluate the non-uniformity of the current distribution in the inside conductors and bus bar system and couple the current into the sequential magnetic analysis through a conversion routine. Voltage potential distribution in the molten aluminum was investigated based on one industrial 320 kA aluminum cell with two designed bus bar arrangements. Characteristics of magnetic components' distributions were also given.
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In the Final Analysis
[p. 2
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Author(s): James J. Robinson
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Not to oversell it, but the TMS 2008 Annual Meeting will likely be the most important event yet convened by any civilization in our planet's existence.
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Member News
[p. 20
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Author(s): Anonymous
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Highlighted this month are Paul G. Campbell, former TMS president and now a senator in the state of South Carolina; David Duquette, recently named John Tod Horton Distinguished Professor in Materials Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; and Iver Anderson, TMS director and chair of the TMS Public & Governmental Affairs Committee, who is leading a research team on magnets for electric cars.
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News & Update
[p. 6
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Author(s): Anonymous
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TMS partners with the Materials Research Society on a new congressional fellowship; 2008 TMS honors and awards recipients are listed.
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Book Reviews
[p. 61
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Author(s): Various
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Featuring four recently reviewed books.
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Foundation News
[p. 65
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Author(s): Anonymous
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The TMS 2007 honor roll thanks TMS members and friends for their support in 2007.
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Meetings Calendar
[p. 66
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Author(s): Anonymous
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A round-up of soon-to-be-held meetings and upcoming calls for papers.
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Materials Resource Center: Jobs, Consultants, Marketplace
[p. 68
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Author(s): Various
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Positions and services available. (You may view the "Consultants Directory" or "Classifieds" in HTML format or click on the button to download both departments as they appear in the print version of the journal.)
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End Notes: CSI for Engineers? Workshop Explored Prime-Time Appeal of Engineering Drama
[p. 72
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Author(s): Kelly Roncone Zappas
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Every week, millions of viewers watch forensic scientists use their skills to solve mysteries on the CSI: Crime Scene Investigation television shows. The show portrays forensic professionals as interesting people with interesting jobs and interesting lives. What if a television drama could do the same for engineers? This is one of the questions that a group of science, engineering, media, and technology professionals considered at an exploratory Engineering and the Media workshop in October.
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![February 2008 Cover: As global warming becomes an ever greater societal concern, this issue of JOM provides some solutions from a materials science perspective. This month we offer several articles on reducing carbon dioxide emissions during metal processing. A historic look at solar pyrometallurgy considers research dating back to the 1800s, and in a more forward-looking approach, two articles consider how engineers will help society resolve 21st-century problems. [Click to enlarge]](http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/0802/cover-0802.large.gif)