Abstract
The field of materials science and engineering (MSE) is based on the fundamental principle that microstructure controls properties. Traditionally, the study of material structure has been limited by sectioning and post mortem observations. This approach is often inaccurate or inadequate for solving many fundamental problems. It is also often laborious and time-consuming. Advances in experimental methods, analytical techniques, and computational approaches, have now enabled the development of in situ techniques that allow us to probe the behavior of materials in real-time. The study of microstructures under an external stimulus (e.g., stress, temperature, environment) as a function of time is particularly exciting. Examples include an understanding of time-dependent deformation structures, phase transformations, compositional evolution, magnetic domains, etc.

X-ray synchrotron micro and nano-tomography provides a wonderful means of characterization damage in materials non-destructively. This talk will describe experiments and simulations that address the critical link between microstructure and deformation behavior of metallic materials, by using a three-dimensional (3D) virtual microstructure obtained by x-ray synchrotron tomography. The approach involves capturing the microstructure by novel and sophisticated in situ testing in an x-ray synchrotron, followed by x-ray tomography and image analysis, and 3D reconstruction of the microstructure. Case studies on fundamental precipitation evolution and deformation phenomena in aluminum alloys under cyclic loading and in a corrosive environment will be presented and discussed. New opportunities for x-ray microtomography, including lab-scale tomography and the next generation of x-ray synchrotron tomography will be highlighted.

About the Presenter
Nikhilesh Chawla is the Fulton Professor of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) at Arizona State University (ASU). He is also a Professor of Mechanical Engineering. Chawla received his Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1997. He served as acting chair of the MSE program at ASU in 2010. Prior to ASU in 2000, he was a postdoctoral fellow jointly at Ford Motor Company and the University of Michigan, and a senior development engineer at Hoeganaes Corporation.

Chawla’s research interests encompass the deformation behavior of advanced materials at bulk and small length scales, including four-dimensional (4D) materials science, environmentally-benign metallic alloys, composite materials, and nanolaminates. He has co-authored close to 220 refereed journal publications (Web of Science h-index of 37; Google Scholar h-index of 45) and close to 450 presentations in these areas. He is the author of the textbook Metal Matrix Composites (co-authored with K.K. Chawla), published by Springer. The 2nd edition of this book was published in 2013.

Chawla is a fellow of ASM International and past member of The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society (TMS) Board of Directors. He’s the recipient of the New Mexico Tech Distinguished Alumnus Award for 2016. In addition, he was named 2016 Structural Materials Division Distinguished Scientist/Engineering Award, as well as the 2016 Functional Materials Division Distinguished Scientist/Engineering Award, both from TMS; 2013 Brimacombe Medalist Award from TMS; 2011 Distinguished Lectureship given by Tsinghua University, China; 2004 Bradley Stoughton Award for Young Teachers, given by ASM International; and the 2006 TMS Young Leaders Tutorial Lecture. He’s also won the National Science Foundation Early Career Development Award and the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award.

Chawla is editor of Materials Science and Engineering A published by Elsevier (2015 Impact Factor of 2.6). He also serves on the Editorial Boards of Advanced Engineering Materials and Materials Characterization. He has served or is serving on several external advisory boards, including that of Naval Research Laboratory, the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, and New Mexico Tech. His work has been featured on the show Modern Marvels on the History Channel, R&D News, Fox News, and the Arizona Republic. He serves on ASU President Michael Crow’s Academic Council, which provides input to the president on academic, structural, and strategic matters.

Abstract
The 21st Century is the Innovation Era and the onset of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This is the era when we will witness a major shift in the organization of global value chains. The focus of the presentation is on one of the grand challenges of the 21st century: How to sustain development in the 21st century? The presentation will be materials centric and will address the opportunities in extractive and process metallurgy. In this presentation, Apelian will highlight the context of the paradigm shifts we are witnessing and propose pathways to move forward in three specific arenas: Education, Public Policy, and Technological Innovations needed in resource recovery and recycling.

Speaker Biography
Diran Apelian is the Alcoa-Howmet Professor of Engineering and Founding Director of the Metal Processing Institute (MPI) at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI). He is also Distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of California, Irvine. He received his B.S. degree in metallurgical engineering from Drexel University in 1968 and his doctorate in materials science and engineering from MIT in 1972.

He worked at Bethlehem Steel’s Homer Research Laboratories before joining Drexel University’s faculty in 1976. At Drexel he held various positions, including professor, head of the Department of Materials Engineering, associate dean of the College of Engineering, and vice-provost of the university. He joined WPI in July 1990 as WPI’s Provost. In 1996, he returned to the faculty and leads the activities of the Metal Processing Institute, which he founded. During the last decade, he has worked on sustainable development issues, and particularly, resource recovery, reuse, and recycling. Apelian is the recipient of many distinguished honors and awards, both national and international; he has approximately 700 publications to his credit; and he serves on several technical, corporate and editorial boards. During 2008/2009, he served as President of TMS. Apelian is a Fellow of TMS, ASM, and APMI; he is a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and the Armenian Academy of Sciences.

Abstract
In the last decades, structural light metals were implemented in conventional vehicle concepts. The focus was the use of this class of materials predominantly in premium cars with some exceptions in mass car production. Due to the request to reduce the emission of cars with combustion engines and the implementation of new vehicle concepts for hybrid, electrical, or fuel cell cars, the interest in metallic lightweight materials was growing. For those applications, life-cycle assessment of materials used became an important criteria for the selection. This presentation will report in the first part on the status of development and applications of light metals in automotive industries with a focus on the European point of view. The second part will address potential, challenges, and new developments of magnesium alloys for the transportation industries.

Speaker Biography
Karl Kainer studied Materials Science at the University of Applied Science Osnabrueck and at the Clausthal University of Technology. He obtained his Ph.D. in Materials Science at the same university in 1985 and his Habilitation in 1996 on Magnesium Matrix Composites.

From 1985 to 1999 he was Senior Scientist and Head of the Light Metal and P/M Group at the Institute for Materials Science and Technology at Clausthal University. Since 2000, Kainer has been Director of the Institute of Materials Research and the Magnesium Innovation Centre at Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht and Professor on Materials Technology, Hamburg University of Technology. In 2006, he became Visiting Professor of Chongqing University and Vice-Director of Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing/PR China. He is member of the Board of Directors and was President of the International Magnesium Association (IMA) 2012-2014.

He received the Japanese Government Research Award for Foreign Specialists in 1986, the Hertha von Firnberg Fellowship, Austrian Research Center Seibersdorf in 1999, Thermec Distinguished Award for Pioneering Research on Magnesium Alloys, Quebec/Canada in 2011, and the 2014 Alexander von Humboldt Polish Honorary Research Fellowship, Foundation for Polish Science.

Kainer has published 335 ISI-listed publications and 360 publications in proceedings and non JCR listed journals. He is editor and co-editor of 14 books and proceedings.

Abstract
This presentation will cover the development, fundamentals, and applications of two distinct industrial hydrometallurgical technologies. First is Alkaline Sulfide Leaching (ASL) which was commercialized for production of antimony. In its 60-year history, the ASL plant provided antimony metal and compounds while also abating copper smelting penalties. Aspects of the thermodynamic and kinetic fundamentals and some economic aspects of this selective technology will be elucidated along with applications to gold, arsenic, mercury, and tin from primary and secondary sources. The second technology is Nitrogen Species Catalyzed Pressure Oxidation (NSC). The NSC plant was commercialized as a low-temperature process for treatment of copper concentrates with non-cyanide precious metals recovery. The facility operated successfully for more than a decade. Again, some of the thermodynamic and kinetic fundamentals and some economic aspects of this selective technology will be elucidated along with applications for molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, zinc, PGM, and gold-bearing materials.

Speaker Biography
Corby G. Anderson has 37 years of global experience in industrial operations, management, engineering, design, consulting, teaching, research, and professional service. He is a native of Butte, America. His career includes positions with Morton Thiokol, Key Tronic Corporation, Sunshine Mining and Refining Company, H.A. Simons Ltd. and at the Center for Advanced Mineral & Metallurgical Processing at Montana Tech. He holds a B.Sc. in Chemical Engineering from Montana State University, an M.Sc. from Montana Tech in Metallurgical Engineering, and a Ph.D. from the University of Idaho in Mining Engineering–Metallurgy. He is a Fellow of both the Institution of Chemical Engineers and of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining. He holds 11 international patents and 5 new patent applications covering several innovative technologies, two of which were successfully reduced to industrial practice. He currently serves as the Harrison Western Professor in the Kroll Institute for Extractive Metallurgy as part of the George S. Ansell Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering at the Colorado School of Mines. In 2009, he was honored by the Society for Mining Metallurgy and Exploration with the Milton E. Wadsworth Extractive Metallurgy Award for his contributions in hydrometallurgical research. In 2015, he was awarded the International Precious Metals Institute’s Tanaka Distinguished Achievement Award. In 2016, he received the Distinguished Member Award from the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration and the Outstanding Faculty Award from the George S. Ansell Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, and he will also become a Distinguished Member of the University of Idaho Academy of Engineering.

Abstract
The experimental technique of Atom Probe Tomography (APT) is unique in its capability to image and identify single atoms within solids and to establish their location with sub-nanometer precision. Iteration of this process enables the three-dimensional reconstruction of the nanoscale microstructure and chemistry of a wide range of materials. The mission and purpose of this work closely resembles the objectives of molecular biology. It involves taking materials apart at the atomic level in order to find out how they work, and then seeking ways to improve their design and assembly, in order to make them work better. This lecture will outline the successive stages of development of the APT method, and illustrate its breadth of application by reference to recent studies of metals and alloys, catalysts, semiconductors, and photonic materials.

Speaker Biography
George Smith began as a student in the Oxford Metallurgy Department while Hume-Rothery was a Professor. Upon graduation, he decided to study the relationship between the structure, composition, and properties of materials. He realized that insight was needed at the atomic level and decided that field ion microscopy and atom probe microanalysis would provide the most direct and incisive way to obtain the required information.

Smith built up and led the Oxford research group that developed novel atom probe techniques for the direct observation of solid materials in three dimensions on the atomic scale. Together with Oxford colleagues, he also co-founded a spin-out company, Kindbrisk Ltd., later re-named Oxford Nanoscience Ltd., which was the first commercial producer of three-dimensional atom probes. The company is now part of Cameca Instruments Inc.

Smith has authored or co-authored two books and more than 370 scientific papers. He has published extensively on the subjects of phase transformations and microstructural stability in a wide range of steels and non-ferrous alloys. He has also worked on the phase stability of compound semiconductor nanostructures and on the effects of environmental exposure on the atomic-scale structure and surface composition of platinum alloy catalysts. In recent years, he has focused on the long-term safety and stability of the materials used in current-generation nuclear reactors, and on materials for future fusion reactor systems.

From 2000–2005, Smith had the honor of serving as one of Hume-Rothery’s successors as Head of the Department of Materials at Oxford University.

Abstract
Magnesium alloys have been expected as a next-generation structural material for decades. However, because of low formability, low corrosion resistance, and high cost, Mg alloys have not been used widely yet. Therefore, in order to break the wall, our group has attempted to add some functionality, such as high strength, super-elasticity, and shape memory effect into Mg alloys using metastable body-centered cubic (BCC) phase in Mg-Sc alloys. This alloy shows ultra-high strength after aging due to fine HCP precipitation from BCC matrix. Furthermore, the alloys show super-elasticity of 4.4% at -150°C and shape recovery upon heating. The shape memory properties are caused by reversible martensitic transformation. Its density is around 2 g/cm3, which is one-third less than that of practical TiNi shape memory alloy. The study shows a possibility to use metastable BCC phase for novel microstructural control and adding functionality into Mg alloys.

Speaker Biography
Daisuke Ando is assistant professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Tohoku University in Japan. He also spent a year as a visiting assistant professor in the Department of Materials Engineering at the University of British Columbia (2015-2016). He received his doctorate degree in 2011, his master’s degree in 2008, and his bachelor’s degree in 2006, all from Tohoku University. His present research interests include super-elastic and shape memory magnesium alloy and deformation mechanism of magnesium alloy.

Abstract
Energetic particle irradiation can induce pronounced microstructural changes and corresponding dramatic property changes in materials. This presentation will provide an overview of radiation-induced microstructural changes, with particular emphasis on similarities and differences between metals and ceramics. There are several key temperature regimes for all irradiated materials (defined by the onset temperatures for migration of interstitials and vacancies, thermal dissolution of in-cascade produced vacancy clusters, and thermal evaporation of cavities). In general, radiation tolerance in one temperature regime does not universally translate to radiation tolerance in other temperature regimes due to different controlling physical parameters. The fluence dependence of defect accumulation also is generally significantly different in the various temperature regimes. The roles of primary knock on atom energy, damage rate, atomic mass, crystal structure, and other material parameters will be briefly discussed.

Speaker Biography
Steven Zinkle is a Governor’s Chair Professor in the Nuclear Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering Departments at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Prior to 2013, he was chief scientist of the Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate (~600 staff) and a corporate fellow at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). He previously served as the director of the ORNL Materials Science and Technology Division (~300 staff) from 2006–2010 and in a variety of research scientist and program management roles at ORNL.

Much of his research has utilized materials science to explore fundamental physical phenomena that are important for advanced nuclear energy applications, focusing on microstructure-property relationships. His research interests include deformation and fracture mechanisms in structural materials, advanced manufacturing, and investigation of radiation effects in ceramics, fuel systems, and metallic alloys for fission energy systems.

He received his Ph.D. in Nuclear Engineering and an M.S. in Materials Science from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1985. He has written more than 250 peer-reviewed publications, is a recipient of the 2006 U.S. Department of Energy E.O. Lawrence Award, and is a fellow of TMS, the American Physical Society, the Materials Research Society, ASM International, the American Ceramic Society, the American Nuclear Society, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering.

Zinkle is an editor of Metallurgical & Materials Transactions E: Materials for Energy Systems.